Possessive Particle (의)

소유격 조사

Learning Objectives

The Possessive Particle 의

The particle connects two nouns to show possession, belonging, or association -- similar to 's or of in English.

Pattern Example English
N1 N2 my book
N1 N2 선생님 이름 the teacher's name
N1 N2 한국 문화 Korean culture

Pronunciation

Although 의 is spelled as "ui" (ㅡ + ㅣ), its pronunciation varies by position:

Position Pronunciation Example
Word-initial (의사) [의] (ui) 의사 → [의사] (doctor)
Possessive particle [에] (e) 나의 → [나에]
Other positions [이] (i) 회의 → [회이] (meeting)

In everyday speech, 의 as the possessive particle is most commonly pronounced as [에].

Pronoun Contractions

When possessive pronouns are used, 의 contracts with the pronoun:

Full Form Contracted Pronunciation Meaning
나의 nae my (informal)
저의 je my (formal/humble)
너의 ne (often said as 니 ni) your (informal)

Note: Because 내 and 네 sound almost identical, 네 is often pronounced as in speech to avoid confusion.

Examples with Contractions

Full Contracted English
나의 책 my book
저의 이름 이름 my name (formal)
너의 가방 가방 your bag
나의 친구 친구 my friend
저의 생각 생각 my thought (formal)

Common Possessive Expressions

People's Possessions

Korean English
선생님의 책 the teacher's book
친구의 집 my friend's house
아버지의 차 father's car
엄마의 요리 mom's cooking

Organizational / Abstract

Korean English
한국의 문화 Korean culture
한국의 역사 Korean history
회사의 규칙 the company's rules
학교의 선생님 the school's teacher
나라의 미래 the nation's future

Descriptive (N1 of N2)

Korean English
사랑의 노래 a song of love
행복의 비결 the secret of happiness
자유의 여신상 the Statue of Liberty

When 의 Is Omitted

In natural spoken Korean, 의 is frequently dropped, especially in these cases:

1. With 우리 (our/we)

우리 almost never uses 의:

Natural (no 의) Formal (with 의) English
우리 가족 우리의 가족 our family
우리 나라 우리의 나라 our country
우리 학교 우리의 학교 our school
우리 우리의 집 our house

2. With Close Relationships

When the possessor is a person and the relationship is obvious:

Natural (no 의) With 의 English
엄마 생일 엄마의 생일 mom's birthday
친구 이름 친구의 이름 friend's name
선생님 말씀 선생님의 말씀 teacher's words

3. With Contracted Pronouns

내, 제, 네 already include 의, so they never add it again:

Correct Incorrect
~~내의 책~~
이름 ~~제의 이름~~

When 의 Should Be Kept

Keep 의 when the relationship is not immediately obvious or in formal/written contexts:

Korean English Why keep 의
한국 문화 Korean culture Country + abstract concept
평화 상징 symbol of peace Abstract + abstract
이 책 저자 the author of this book Formal/written
자유 의미 the meaning of freedom Abstract concept

Multiple Possessives

You can chain 의 for nested possession, though it can sound awkward:

Korean English
내 친구의 엄마 my friend's mom
선생님의 책의 제목 the title of the teacher's book
우리 학교 선생님의 이름 our school teacher's name

In practice, Koreans often restructure the sentence to avoid stacking too many 의.

Practice

Translate these possessive phrases into Korean:

  1. My name → ___
  2. The teacher's book → ___
  3. Korean history → ___
  4. Our family → ___
  5. Your (formal) opinion → ___

Vocabulary

Word Romanization Meaning
ui (often pronounced e) possessive particle ('s / of)
이름 ireum name
가족 gajok family
친구 chingu friend
문화 munhwa culture
역사 yeoksa history
생각 saenggak thought/opinion
우리 uri we/our
여기 yeogi here
사진 sajin photo

Examples

나의 책

naui chaek

my book

선생님의 이름

seonsaengnimui ireum

the teacher's name

한국의 문화

hangugui munhwa

Korean culture (culture of Korea)

내 친구

nae chingu

my friend

우리 가족

uri gajok

our family

Quiz

5 questions

1. What does the particle 의 express?

2. 선생님___ 이름이 뭐예요? (What is the teacher's name?)

3. What is the contracted form of 나의?

4. Which phrase naturally drops 의?

5. 저의 → ___ (contracted form)

Key Takeaways