Object Particle (을/를)

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Learning Objectives

What Is the Object Particle?

In Korean, the object particle 을/를 marks the direct object of a sentence -- the noun that receives the action of the verb. It is equivalent to the grammatical object in English.

English Korean Structure
I eat rice. 나는 밥 먹다. Subject + Object + Verb
She watches a movie. 그녀는 영화 보다. Subject + Object + Verb

Choosing 을 vs 를

Like other Korean particles, the form depends on the final sound of the noun.

Condition Particle Example
After 받침 (consonant) 밥 → 밥, 책 → 책
After vowel (no 받침) 커피 → 커피, 영화 → 영화

Quick Reference Table

Noun Ends with + Particle Result
밥 (rice) ㅂ (받침) 밥을
빵 (bread) ㅇ (받침) 빵을
음악 (music) ㄱ (받침) 음악을
책 (book) ㄱ (받침) 책을
신문 (newspaper) ㄴ (받침) 신문을
커피 (coffee) vowel 커피를
영화 (movie) vowel 영화를
편지 (letter) vowel 편지를

Building SOV Sentences

Korean sentences follow Subject + Object + Verb order. The object particle sits between the object noun and the verb.

Subject Object + 을/를 Verb Full Sentence Translation
나는 밥을 먹다 나는 밥을 먹다. I eat rice.
나는 커피를 마시다 나는 커피를 마시다. I drink coffee.
나는 책을 읽다 나는 책을 읽다. I read a book.
나는 영화를 보다 나는 영화를 보다. I watch a movie.
나는 음악을 듣다 나는 음악을 듣다. I listen to music.
나는 편지를 쓰다 나는 편지를 쓰다. I write a letter.

Common Verb-Object Pairs

These verb-object combinations appear frequently in daily Korean:

Object + Particle Verb Meaning
밥을 먹다 to eat a meal
물을 마시다 to drink water
커피를 마시다 to drink coffee
책을 읽다 to read a book
영화를 보다 to watch a movie
음악을 듣다 to listen to music
신문을 읽다 to read the newspaper
편지를 쓰다 to write a letter

Particle Dropping in Casual Speech

In everyday spoken Korean, 을/를 is often dropped when the meaning is clear from context:

Formal/Written Casual/Spoken Meaning
먹자. 밥 먹자. Let's eat.
커피 마셔요. 커피 마셔요. I'm drinking coffee.
영화 봐요. 영화 봐요. I'm watching a movie.

While dropping is natural in speech, you should learn the particles first and use them in writing and formal contexts.

Comparing All Three Particles

Now you know three particles. Here is how they work together:

Particle Function Example
은/는 Topic marker (As for me)
이/가 Subject marker 날씨 (The weather)
을/를 Object marker (rice [object])

Full example: 나 먹다. — "I eat rice."

Practice

Add the correct object particle (을 or 를) to complete each sentence:

  1. 빵___ 먹다. (To eat bread.)
  2. 영화___ 보다. (To watch a movie.)
  3. 책___ 읽다. (To read a book.)
  4. 커피___ 마시다. (To drink coffee.)
  5. 편지___ 쓰다. (To write a letter.)

Vocabulary

Word Romanization Meaning
bap rice/meal
ppang bread
커피 keopi coffee
음악 eumak music
영화 yeonghwa movie
chaek book
신문 sinmun newspaper
편지 pyeonji letter
먹다 meokda to eat
마시다 masida to drink
보다 boda to see/watch
듣다 deutda to listen/hear
읽다 ikda to read
쓰다 sseuda to write

Examples

밥을 먹다.

babeul meokda.

To eat rice.

커피를 마시다.

keopireul masida.

To drink coffee.

나는 영화를 보다.

naneun yeonghwareul boda.

I watch a movie.

음악을 듣다.

eumageul deutda.

To listen to music.

편지를 쓰다.

pyeonjireul sseuda.

To write a letter.

Quiz

5 questions

1. Which particle marks the direct object in Korean?

2. '책' ends with a 받침 (ㄱ). Which object particle follows it?

3. 커피___ 마시다. (To drink coffee.)

4. 신문___ 읽다. (To read the newspaper.)

5. In the sentence '나는 빵을 먹다', what is the object?

Key Takeaways