In Order To: ~(으)려고 and ~기 위해(서)

~려고/~기 위해

Connectors

Overview

Korean has two main ways to express "in order to" or "for the purpose of":

Pattern Meaning Tone
~(으)려고 In order to, intending to Conversational
~기 위해(서) In order to, for the sake of Formal, written

Both express purpose -- the reason behind an action -- but they differ in formality and some grammatical restrictions.

Part 1: ~(으)려고 (In Order To / Intending To)

Formation

Stem ending Ending Example
Vowel (no 받침) ~려고 가다 → 가려고, 사다 → 사려고
Consonant (받침) ~으려고 먹다 → 먹으려고, 읽다 → 읽으려고
ㄹ받침 ~려고 (ㄹ stays) 알다 → 알려고, 만들다 → 만들려고

Conjugation table

Dictionary Stem + (으)려고 Result
가다 (go) 가 + 려고 가려고
사다 (buy) 사 + 려고 사려고
하다 (do) 하 + 려고 하려고
배우다 (learn) 배우 배우 + 려고 배우려고
먹다 (eat) 먹 + 으려고 먹으려고
찾다 (find) 찾 + 으려고 찾으려고
읽다 (read) 읽 + 으려고 읽으려고
만들다 (make) 만들 만들 + 려고 만들려고
살다 (live) 살 + 려고 살려고

Example sentences

Key restriction: Same subject required

The subject of both clauses must be the same person:

Key restriction: No commands or suggestions

~(으)려고 cannot be used with commands (~세요) or suggestions (~자):

Incorrect Correct alternative
건강하려고 운동하세요 (X) 건강하려면 운동하세요 (use ~(으)려면)
살 빼려고 같이 운동하자 (X) 살 빼려면 같이 운동하자

For commands/suggestions with purpose, use ~(으)려면 (if you want to / in order to):

~(으)려고 하다 (Planning to / Intending to)

When ~(으)려고 is followed by 하다, it means "to be planning to" or "intending to":

This is a very common expression for soft future plans.

Part 2: ~기 위해(서) (For the Sake of / In Order To)

Formation

Component Structure
With verbs Verb stem + 기 위해(서)
With nouns Noun + 을/를 위해(서)

~기 nominates the verb, and 위해(서) means "for the sake of."

Verb + 기 위해(서)

Dictionary + 기 위해(서) Meaning
살다 (live) 살기 위해(서) in order to live
성공하다 (succeed) 성공하기 위해(서) in order to succeed
배우다 (learn) 배우기 위해(서) in order to learn
돈을 벌다 (earn money) 돈을 벌기 위해(서) in order to earn money

Noun + 을/를 위해(서)

Noun + 을/를 위해(서) Meaning
건강 (health) 건강을 위해(서) for health
미래 (future) 미래를 위해(서) for the future
가족 (family) 가족을 위해(서) for the family
나라 (country) 나라를 위해(서) for the country

Example sentences

위해 vs. 위해서

Both 위해 and 위해서 are correct. 위해서 is slightly more explicit; 위해 is slightly more concise. In practice, they are interchangeable.

Comparing ~(으)려고 and ~기 위해(서)

Feature ~(으)려고 ~기 위해(서)
Formality Conversational Formal, written
With nouns X (verb only) O (Noun + 을/를 위해)
Same subject rule Required Not strictly required
With commands X O (possible)
Tone Personal intention Objective purpose

Same meaning, different register

~(으)려고 ~기 위해(서)
돈을 벌려고 일해요 (casual) 돈을 벌기 위해 일합니다 (formal)
배우려고 왔어요 (casual) 배우기 위해 왔습니다 (formal)

When to use which

Other Purpose Expressions

Expression Meaning Example
~(으)러 가다/오다 Go/come to do 먹으러 가요 (I go to eat)
~(으)려면 If you want to 잘하려면 연습하세요 (If you want to do well, practice)
~기 위한 + noun For the purpose of (modifier) 성공하기 위한 방법 (method for succeeding)
~도록 So that / in order to 늦지 않도록 일찍 출발했어요 (I left early so as not to be late)

~(으)러 가다/오다

This is specifically for going/coming somewhere to do something:

Common Mistakes

Mistake Correction Why
건강하려고 운동하세요 건강하려면 운동하세요 Can't use ~(으)려고 with commands
건강 위해서 건강을 위해서 Noun + 을/를 위해서 (need particle)
먹기 위해서 가세요 Grammatical but unusual ~(으)러 가세요 is more natural for go/come
가려고 해요 meaning = 가기 위해 해요 Different! ~(으)려고 하다 = planning to go; ~기 위해 하다 = doing for the purpose of going

Summary

  1. ~(으)려고 = "in order to" (conversational). Same subject required, no commands/suggestions.
  2. ~기 위해(서) = "in order to / for" (formal). Works with nouns (N을/를 위해) and verbs (V기 위해).
  3. ~(으)려고 하다 = "planning to / intending to" -- a separate, very common pattern.
  4. For going/coming to do something, use ~(으)러 가다/오다.
  5. For conditional purpose ("if you want to"), use ~(으)려면.
  6. Choose ~(으)려고 for casual speech, ~기 위해(서) for writing and formal contexts.

Examples

한국어를 배우려고 한국에 왔어요

hangugeoreul baeuryeogo hanguge wasseoyo

I came to Korea to learn Korean

건강을 위해서 운동해요

geongangeul wihaeseo undonghaeyo

I exercise for my health

돈을 벌기 위해 열심히 일해요

doneul beolgi wihae yeolsimhi ilhaeyo

I work hard in order to earn money

뭐 하려고 왔어요?

mwo haryeogo wasseoyo?

What did you come to do?

살을 빼려고 운동을 시작했어요

sareul ppaeryeogo undongeul sijakhaesseoyo

I started exercising in order to lose weight