Korean Number Systems (한자어 수 & 고유어 수)

숫자

Learning Objectives

Two Number Systems

Korean uses two completely different number systems. Knowing which to use is essential for daily life.

System Origin Numbers Used For
한자어 수 (Sino-Korean) Chinese characters 일, 이, 삼... Dates, money, phone numbers, minutes, floors, math
고유어 수 (Native Korean) Pure Korean 하나, 둘, 셋... Counting objects, age, hours

Sino-Korean Numbers (한자어 수)

1 to 10

Number Korean Romanization
0 공/영 gong / yeong
1 il
2 i
3 sam
4 sa
5 o
6 yuk
7 chil
8 pal
9 gu
10 sip

11 to 19

Combine 십 (10) + digit:

Number Korean Pattern
11 십일 10 + 1
12 십이 10 + 2
13 십삼 10 + 3
14 십사 10 + 4
15 십오 10 + 5
16 십육 10 + 6
17 십칠 10 + 7
18 십팔 10 + 8
19 십구 10 + 9

Tens (20 to 90)

Combine digit + 십 (10):

Number Korean Pattern
20 이십 2 x 10
30 삼십 3 x 10
40 사십 4 x 10
50 오십 5 x 10
60 육십 6 x 10
70 칠십 7 x 10
80 팔십 8 x 10
90 구십 9 x 10
100 baek

Larger Numbers

Number Korean Romanization
100 baek
1,000 cheon
10,000 man
100,000 십만 simman
1,000,000 백만 baengman

Combined Examples

Number Korean
25 이십오
48 사십팔
136 백삼십육
2,500 이천오백
15,000 만오천

Native Korean Numbers (고유어 수)

1 to 10

Number Korean Romanization
1 하나 hana
2 dul
3 set
4 net
5 다섯 daseot
6 여섯 yeoseot
7 일곱 ilgop
8 여덟 yeodeol
9 아홉 ahop
10 yeol

11 to 19

Combine 열 (10) + digit:

Number Korean
11 열하나
12 열둘
13 열셋
14 열넷
15 열다섯
16 열여섯
17 열일곱
18 열여덟
19 열아홉

Tens (20 to 90)

Native Korean has unique words for each ten:

Number Korean Romanization
20 스물 seumul
30 서른 seoreun
40 마흔 maheun
50 swin
60 예순 yesun
70 일흔 ilheun
80 여든 yeodeun
90 아흔 aheun

Combined Examples

Number Korean
23 스물셋
35 서른다섯
47 마흔일곱
51 쉰하나

Note: Native Korean numbers are generally only used up to 99. For 100 and above, Sino-Korean numbers are used.

Shortened Forms (Before Counters)

When Native Korean numbers 1-4 and 20 appear before a counter word, they change form:

Full Form Shortened Used Before
하나 한 개, 한 명, 한 시
두 개, 두 명, 두 시
세 개, 세 명, 세 시
네 개, 네 명, 네 시
스물 스무 스무 개, 스무 명, 스무 살

Numbers 5-10 and tens (서른, 마흔...) do not change form before counters.

When to Use Each System

Situation System Example
Dates (year, month, day) Sino-Korean 이월 이십사일 (Feb 24)
Money (원) Sino-Korean 오천 원 (5,000 won)
Phone numbers Sino-Korean 공일공-삼사오육
Minutes (분) Sino-Korean 삼십 분 (30 minutes)
Floors (층) Sino-Korean 삼 층 (3rd floor)
Counting objects (개) Native Korean 세 개 (3 items)
Age (살) Native Korean 스물다섯 살 (25 years old)
Hours (시) Native Korean 세 시 (3 o'clock)
People (명) Native Korean 두 명 (2 people)

Practice

Answer using the correct number system:

  1. How do you say "5,000 won"? → ___
  2. How do you say "3 items"? → ___
  3. How do you say "February 14th"? → ___
  4. How do you say "25 years old"? → ___

Vocabulary

Word Romanization Meaning
il one (Sino-Korean)
i two (Sino-Korean)
sam three (Sino-Korean)
하나 hana one (Native Korean)
dul two (Native Korean)
set three (Native Korean)
net four (Native Korean)
yeol ten (Native Korean)
baek hundred (Sino-Korean)
cheon thousand (Sino-Korean)
man ten thousand (Sino-Korean)
스물 seumul twenty (Native Korean)

Examples

전화번호가 뭐예요? -- 공일공-이삼사오-육칠팔구

jeonhwabeonhoga mwoyeyo? -- gong-il-gong i-sam-sa-o yuk-chil-pal-gu

What is your phone number? -- 010-2345-6789

오늘은 이천이십육년 이월 이십사일이에요.

oneureun icheonisimnyungnyeon iwol isipsairieyo.

Today is February 24, 2026.

사과 세 개 주세요.

sagwa se gae juseyo.

Three apples, please.

스물다섯 살이에요.

seumuldaseot sarieyo.

I am 25 years old.

Quiz

5 questions

1. Which number system is used for money in Korean?

2. What is the Native Korean word for 'three'?

3. 하나, 둘, ___, 넷, 다섯 (count 1-5 in Native Korean)

4. Which system is used for age in Korean?

5. What is 삼백 in number form?

Key Takeaways